National Day. Birthday of the Grand Duchess of Luxembourg Charlotte von Nassau-Weilburg

Luxembourg, country in northwestern Europe. One of the world’s smallest countries, it is bordered by Belgium on the west and north, France on the south, and Germany on the northeast and east. Luxembourg has come under the control of many states and ruling houses in its long history, but it has been a separate, if not always autonomous, political unit since the 10th century. The ancient Saxon name of its capital city, Lucilinburhuc (“Little Fortress”), symbolized its strategic position as “the Gibraltar of the north,” astride a major military route linking Germanic and Frankish territories. Luxembourg is a point of contact between the Germanic- and Romance-language communities of Europe, and three languages are regularly employed in the grand duchy itself: Luxembourgish, German, and French. The peoples of Luxembourg and their languages reflect the grand duchy’s common interests and close historical relations with its neighbours. In the 20th century Luxembourg became a founding member of several international economic organizations. Perhaps most importantly, the grand duchy was an original member of the Benelux Economic Union (1944), which linked its economic life with that of the Netherlands and of Belgium and would subsequently form the core of the European Economic Community (EEC; ultimately succeeded by the European Union). Land - Relief and soils The northern third of Luxembourg, known as the Oesling (Ösling), comprises a corner of the Ardennes Mountains, which lie mainly in southern Belgium. It is a plateau that averages 1,500 feet (450 metres) in elevation and is composed of schists and sandstones. This forested highland region is incised by the deep valleys of a river network organized around the Sûre (or Sauer) River, which runs eastward through north-central Luxembourg before joining the Moselle (or Mosel) River on the border with Germany. The Oesling’s forested hills and valleys support the ruins of numerous castles, which are a major attraction for the region’s many tourists. The fertility of the relatively thin mountain soils of the region was greatly improved with the introduction in the 1890s of a basic-slag fertilizer, which is obtained as a by-product of the grand duchy’s steel industry. The southern two-thirds of Luxembourg is known as the Bon Pays, or Gutland (French and German: “Good Land”). This region has a more-varied topography and an average elevation of 800 feet (about 245 metres). The Bon Pays is much more densely populated than the Oesling and contains the capital city, Luxembourg, as well as smaller industrial cities such as Esch-sur-Alzette. In the centre of the Bon Pays, the valley of the northward-flowing Alzette River forms an axis around which the country’s economic life is organized. Luxembourg city lies along the Alzette, which joins the Sûre farther north. In the east-central part of the Bon Pays lies a great beech forest, the Müllerthal, as well as a sandstone area featuring an attractive ruiniform topography. The country’s eastern border with Germany is formed (successively from north to south) by the Our, Sûre, and Moselle rivers. The slopes of the Moselle River valley, carved in chalk and calcareous clay, are covered with vineyards and receive a substantial amount of sunshine, which has earned the area the name “Little Riviera.” Besides vineyards, the fertile soils of the Moselle and lower Sûre valleys also support rich pasturelands. Luxembourg’s former iron mines are located in the extreme southwest, along the duchy’s border with France. Climate Luxembourg has a mild climate with considerable precipitation. The north is slightly colder and more humid than the south. The mean temperatures in Luxembourg city range from the mid-30s F (about 0.7 °C) in January to the low 60s F (about 17 °C) in July, but in the Oesling both extremes are slightly lower. The Oesling receives more precipitation than the Bon Pays, but the greatest amount, about 40 inches (1,000 mm), and the least, about 27 inches (about 685 mm), fall in the southwest and southeast, respectively. The sheltered valley of the Moselle River benefits from a gentler and sunnier climate than does the rest of the duchy. People - Ethnic groups, languages, and religion Luxembourg has been one of the historic crossroads of Europe, and myriad peoples have left their bloodlines as well as their cultural imprints on the grand duchy. The Celts, the Belgic peoples known as the Treveri, the Ligurians and Romans from Italy, and especially the Franks were most influential. The language spoken by Luxembourg’s native inhabitants is Luxembourgish, or Lëtzebuergesch, a Moselle-Franconian dialect of German that has been enriched by many French words and phrases. Luxembourgish is the national language; German and French are both languages of administration. There is a strong sense of national identity among Luxembourgers despite the prevalence of foreign influences. The great majority of Luxembourg’s native citizens are Roman Catholic, with a small number of Protestants (mainly Lutherans), Jews, and Muslims. Lxembourg has a high proportion of foreigners living within its borders. This is chiefly the result of an extremely low birth rate among native Luxembourgers, which has led to a chronic labour shortage. Nearly half of the total population is of foreign birth and consists mainly of Portuguese, French, Italians, Belgians, and Germans. Among the foreign workers are many in the iron and steel industry, and numerous others work in foreign firms and international organizations located in the capital. Settlement patterns Northern Luxembourg is sparsely populated compared with the heavily urbanized and industrialized south. The north’s rural population is clustered in villages of thick-set stone houses with slate roofs. The urban network in the south is dominated by the capital city, Luxembourg, which rises in tiers, with the upper (and older) section of the city separated from the lower-lying suburbs by the gorges of the Alzette and Petrusse rivers. A newer quarter housing many European organizations nestles in a picturesque site carved into the river valley’s sandstone cliffs. The second largest city in Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, lies in the extreme southwest and is a traditional iron- and steel-making centre. Its growth, like that of the neighbouring iron and steel centres of Pétange, Differdange, and Dudelange, has slowed since the shrinkage of those industries in western Europe in the late 20th century. The remainder of the country’s population lives in towns and villages of relatively small size. Many of Luxembourg’s villages date from ancient Celtic and Roman times or originated in Germanic and Frankish villages after about 400 ce. In addition, many medieval castle villages continue to thrive, centuries after the castles themselves fell into ruin. More : Score: https://www.britannica.com/place/Luxembourg

2021/06/23

L’Ambassadeur de Sa Majesté le Roi en Pologne SEM Abderahim ATMOUN a reçu, le mardi 15 juin 2021, à l’Ambassade du Royaume du Maroc à Varsovie, SEM Hatim TAGELDIN, le nouvel Ambassadeur de la République Arabe d’Egypte auprès de la République de Pologne.

Lors de cette visite de courtoisie, SEM Abderahim ATMOUN et son honorable invité SEM Hatem TAGELDIN se sont notamment félicités de l’excellence des relations d’amitié et de coopération entre le Maroc et l’Egypte. Ils ont également exprimé leur volonté et détermination à collaborer étroitement en vue de renforcer davantage les relations bilatérales entre les deux pays

2021/06/22

H.E. Ambassador Mulu Solomon participated on 25th Berlin International Gathering 2021

On June 18, 2021, H.E. Ambassador Mulu Solomon Bezuneh, Special Envoy, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia to the Federal Republic of Germany has participated on Berlin International Gathering 2021 on virtual meeting and sent Her Excellency's recorded greeting statement for the occasion upon invitation. During this occasion, high dignitaries participated from all over the world. To mention some dignitaries who gave greeting statements were President of German Parliament Honorable Dr. Wofgang Schauble, former President of the German Parliament Honorable Dr. Norbert Lammert and H.E. David Beasley, Executive Director of the United Nations World Food Program.

2021/06/22

Potencjał programu "Czyste powietrze"

Ambasada we współpracy z ekspertami reprezentującymi Renovation Wave Initiative, Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska oraz Narodowy Fundusz Ochrony Środowiska i Gospodarki Wodnej wymieniła się doświadczeniami i spostrzeżeniami dotyczącymi potencjału programu "Czyste powietrze" podczas wirtualnego warsztatu, który odbył się 16 czerwca 2021 roku w ambasadzie.

2021/06/22

Fotografías de Patagonia en la exposición de Krzysztof Kasprzyk en Sopot

Nos agrada anunciar que entre los días 9 de junio y 6 de julio, entre las 12 y 18 horas, en la galería Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Sopotu - Dworek Sierakowskich en la ciudad de Sopot, podrán ver la exposición de fotografías de Patagonia tomadas por el artista polaco Krzysztof Kasprzyk.

2021/06/22

Ambasador Niemiec w Opolu

W piątek 4 czerwca 2021 roku marszałkowie i przewodniczący Sejmiku spotkali się z dr. Arndtem Freytagiem von Loringhofenem, ambasadorem RFN w Polsce. To pierwsza wizyta ambasadora w naszym regionie i pierwsze spotkanie z władzami regionu, miało więc ono charakter kurtuazyjny. Okazją do przyjazdu ambasadora na Opolszczyznę jest niedzielna pielgrzymka mniejszości narodowych i etnicznych na Górę Świętej Anny. Jednak wcześniej dr Arndt Freytag von Loringhofen spotkał się z władzami regionu.

2021/06/22

Konsulat Peru oficjalnie otwarty

We wtorek 15 czerwca 2021 roku podczas uroczystości w Teatrze im. Juliusza Słowackiego oficjalnie zainaugurowana została działalność peruwiańskiego przedstawicielstwa w Krakowie. Gospodarzami uroczystości byli ambasador Peru Alberto Salas Barahona oraz nowy Konsul Honorowy Pan Marcin Mazgaj. Swoją roboczą działalność Konsul prowadzi już od października ubiegłego roku. Wówczas, bezpośrednio po otrzymaniu nominacji, został przedstawiony Prezydentowi Jackowi Majchrowskiemu podczas gabinetowego spotkania.

2021/06/21

Spotkanie Marszałka Senatu z ambasadorem Afganistanu

W dniu 15 czerwca 2021 roku Marszałek Senatu RP prof. Tomasz Grodzki przyjął rozpoczynającego misję dyplomatyczną w Polsce ambasadora Islamskiej Republiki Afganistanu Jego Ekscelencję pana Mohammeda Naim Taher Qaderi. Podczas spotkania pan Ambasador odwoływał się do blisko 100 lat tradycji stosunków dyplomatycznych oraz doświadczenia trudnego położenia geopolitycznego Polski i Afganistanu. Podkreślił, że w obronie jego kraju zginęło 44 polskich żołnierzy. Wyraził zadowolenie z odbytych niedawno konsultacji międzyrządowych na szczeblu wiceministrów spraw zagranicznych.

2021/06/21

Spotkanie Przewodniczących Parlamentów Państw Grupy Wyszehradzkiej na Zamku Topacz w Ślęzy

W dniu 11 czerwca 2021 roku odbywa się spotkanie Przewodniczących Parlamentów Państw Grupy Wyszehradzkiej. W spotkaniu bierze udział Przewodniczący Senatu Parlamentu RCz Miloš Vystrčil oraz Przewodniczący Izby Poselskiej Parlamentu RCz Radek Vondráček.

2021/06/21