Feast of the Establishment of the Hungarian State

Hungary, Hungarian Magyarország, landlocked country of central Europe. The capital is Budapest. At the end of World War I, defeated Hungary lost 71 percent of its territory as a result of the Treaty of Trianon (1920). Since then, grappling with the loss of more than two-thirds of their territory and people, Hungarians have looked to a past that was greater than the present as their collective psyche suffered from the so-called “Trianon Syndrome.” The syndrome was widespread prior to 1945; it was suppressed during Soviet domination (1945–90); and it reemerged during independence in 1990, when it took on a different form. The modern country appears to be split into two irreconcilable factions: those who are still concerned about Trianon and those who would like to forget it. This split is evident in most aspects of Hungarian political, social, and cultural life. Hungarians, who know their country as Magyarország, “Land of Magyars,” are unique among the nations of Europe in that they speak a language that is not related to any other major European language. Linguistically surrounded by alien nations, Hungarians felt isolated through much of their history. This may be the reason why after Christianization they became attached to Latin, which became the language of culture, scholarship, and state administration—and even the language of the Hungarian nobility until 1844. Cast adrift in a Slavic-Germanic sea, Hungarians are proud to have been the only people to establish a long-lasting state in the Carpathian Basin. Only after six centuries of independent statehood (896–1526) did Hungary become part of two other political entities: the Habsburg and Ottoman empires. But even then Hungarians retained much of their separate political identity and near-independence, which in 1867 made them a partner in Austria-Hungary (1867–1918). This was much more than the other nations of the Carpathian Basin were able to achieve before 1918.By accepting Catholicism in 1000 ce, the Hungarians joined the Christianized nations of the West, but they still remained on the borderlands of that civilization. This made them eager to prove themselves and also defensive about lagging behind Western developments elsewhere. Their geographical position often forced them to fight various Eastern invaders, and, as a result, they viewed themselves as defenders of Western Christianity. In that role, they felt that the West owed them something, and when, in times of crisis, special treatment was not forthcoming (e.g., Trianon in 1920), they judged the West as ungrateful.Today Hungary is wholly Budapest-centred. The capital dominates the country both by the size of its population—which dwarfs those of Hungary’s other cities—and by the concentration within its borders of most of the country’s scientific, scholarly, and artistic institutions. Budapest is situated on both banks of the Danube (Hungarian: Duna) River, a few miles downstream from the Danube Bend. It is a magnificent city, even compared with the great pantheon of European capitals, and it has been an anchor of Hungarian culture since its inception. In spite of many national tragedies during the last four centuries, Hungarians remain confident and are proud of their achievements in the sciences, scholarship, and the arts. During the 20th century, many talented Hungarians emigrated, particularly to the United States. Among them were leading scientists who played a defining role in the emergence of American atomic discovery and the computer age. The abundance of these scientists, mathematicians, economists, anthropologists, musicians, and artists—among them a dozen Nobel laureates—prompted Laura Fermi, writer and wife of Italian American physicist Enrico Fermi, to speculate about “the mystery of the Hungary talent.” Land Landlocked and lying approximately between latitudes 45° and 49° N and longitudes 16° and 23° E, Hungary shares a border to the north with Slovakia, to the northeast with Ukraine, to the east with Romania, to the south with Serbia (specifically, the Vojvodina region) and Croatia, to the southwest with Slovenia, and to the west with Austria. Relief Dominating the relief are the great lowland expanses that make up the core of Hungary. The Little Alfold (Little Hungarian Plain, or Kisalföld) lies in the northwest, fringed to the west by the easternmost extension of the sub-Alps along the border with Austria and bounded to the north by the Danube. The Little Alfold is separated from the Great Alfold (Great Hungarian Plain, or Nagy Magyar Alföld) by a low mountain system extending across the country from southwest to northeast for a distance of 250 miles (400 km). This system, which forms the backbone of the country, is made up of Transdanubia (Dunántúl) and the Northern Mountains, separated by the Visegrád Gorge of the Danube. Transdanubia is dominated by the Bakony Mountains, with dolomite and limestone plateaus at elevations between 1,300 and 2,300 feet (400 and 700 metres) above sea level. Volcanic peaks comprise the Mátra Mountains in the north, reaching an elevation of 3,327 feet (1,014 metres) at Mount Kékes, Hungary’s highest peak. Regions of hills reaching elevations of 800 to 1,000 feet (250 to 300 metres) lie on either side of the mountain backbone, while to the south and west of Lake Balaton is an upland region of more-subdued loess-covered topography. The Great Alfold covers most of central and southeastern Hungary. Like its northwestern counterpart, it is a basinlike structure filled with fluvial and windblown deposits. Four types of surface may be distinguished: floodplains, composed of river alluvium; alluvial fans, wedge-shaped features deposited at the breaks of slopes where rivers emerge from the mountain rim; alluvial fans overlain by sand dunes; and plains buried under loess, deposits of windblown material derived from the continental interior. These lowlands range in elevation from about 260 to 660 feet (80 to 200 metres) above sea level, with the lowest point at 256 feet (78 metres), on the southern edge of Szeged, along the Tisza River. In the northeast, bordering Slovakia, is Aggtelek National Park; characterized by karst terrain and featuring hundreds of caves, the area was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in the late 20th century. More … Score: https://www.britannica.com/place/Hungary 

2021/08/20

Celebracion del bicentenario de la Independencia Nacional en Varsovia

Con ocasión del Bicentenario de la Independencia Nacional, la Embajada del Perú en Polonia organizó una recepción en los históricos salones de la antigua Municipalidad de Varsovia, hoy convertida en sede del Instituto Nacional de Cultura y Patrimonio Rural. A dicho acto celebratorio concurrieron altas autoridades del Gobierno polaco, entre ellas la Sra. Gabriela Morawska-Stanecka, Vice Presidenta del Senado de Polonia; el Sr. Piotr Wawrick, Secretario de Estado para Relaciones Exteriores; la Sra. Anna Schmidt, Secretaria de estado para Familia y Trabajo; y la Sra. Malgorzata Manka-Szulik, Alcaldesa de la ciudad de …

2021/08/18

„Vogue Scandinavia” pojawił się od sierpnia na rynkach Szwecji, Danii, Norwegii, Finlandii i Islandii.

Pierwszy numer magazynu prezentuje zachwycające krajobrazy pięciu krajów nordyckich. Ciekawostka: "Vogue Scandinavia" chce propagować zrównoważony styl życia i ochronę środowiska. Potwierdzeniem tej deklaracji jest np. decyzja o nawiązaniu współpracy z helsińską firmą Stora Enso, która dostarczy wydawcom odnawialnego papieru.

2021/08/18

Quer explorar oportunidades de internacionalização no mercado europeu?

em uma start-up? Quer explorar oportunidades de internacionalização no mercado europeu? Inscreva-se para a missão virtual à Polônia !. Durante a missão, poderá participar de um programa personalizado, que inclui atividades de imersão e reuniões virtuais, além da participação da conferência Infoshare - maior evento tecnológico na Europa Centro-Oriental.

2021/08/18

Independence Day of the Gabonese Republic

Gabon, country lying on the west coast of Africa, astride the Equator. A former French colony, Gabon retains strong ties to France and to the French language and culture. The capital is Libreville. Land Gabon is bordered by Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon to the north, the Republic of the Congo to the east and south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west; the islands of Sao Tome and Principe are situated off the coast. Relief and drainage The narrow coastal plain—often no more than 20 miles (32 km) wide in the south—is formed of sandstone and alluvium; northward it broadens to a width of 100 miles (160 km), with outcrops of chalk, limestone, and Cretaceous sandstone. The Atlantic’s northward-flowing Benguela Current softens Gabon’s southern coastline by creating sandbars but loses its effectiveness north of the country’s most westerly point, Cape Lopez, where the contour of the coast becomes more jagged. Inland, the relief is characterized by a series of granite plateaus, extending generally northwest to southeast and rising to elevations of 1,000 to 2,000 feet (300 to 600 metres). Farther to the west and north the Cristal Mountains have been dissected by the river system from the western plateau escarpment into a distinct upland area, and to the south the Ogooué River drains through a sandstone saddleback before descending to the lowlands through the granite formations of the Lambaréné region. Granite also forms Gabon’s central watershed, the Chaillu Massif south of the Ogooué, which rises to more than 3,300 feet (1,000 metres) and is topped by the 3,346-foot (1,020-metre) Mount Milondo. Gabon’s highest point, Mount Bengoué (3,510 feet [1,070 metres]), is in the northeastern part of the country. Soils and climate Gabon has an equatorial climate, with year-round high temperatures and humidity. Rainfall varies from an annual average of 120 inches (3,050 mm) at Libreville to 150 inches (3,810 mm) on the northwest coast, with almost all of it falling between October and May. In the period from June to September there is little or no rainfall, but humidity remains high. Temperature shows little seasonal variation, the daily average being in the low 80s F (upper 20s C). Plant and animal life About three-fourths of the country is covered by a dense equatorial rainforest containing more than 3,000 species of vegetation, including the okoumé, a hardwood tree that forms the backbone of Gabon’s timber industry. The rainforest is inhabited by antelope, monkeys, gorillas, numerous tropical birds, and several varieties of elephants. Gabon has several national parks, including Lopé National Park (originally Lopé-Okanda Wildlife Reserve, founded in 1946) in the centre of the country. The park and related archaeological sites—referred to as the Ecosystem and Relict Cultural Landscape of Lopé-Okanda—were collectively designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2007. People - Ethnic groups and languages Except for a few thousand Pygmies, Gabon’s 40 or so peoples speak Bantu languages that are classified into 10 linguistic groups. The Myene group (including the Mpongwe and Orungu), though only a relatively small part of the population today, has played an important role in the history of the country as a result of its location along the northern coasts. The Fang, also found in southern Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea, account for more than one-fourth of the population and live north of the Ogooué River. The largest groups south of the Ogooué are the Sira (including the Punu), the Nzebi, and the Mbete, who together form about one-third of the population. Less-numerous peoples include the Benga and Seke in the far northwest, the Kota and Teke in the east, and the Vili along the far southern coast. Mukudj mask, wood, pigment, and kaolin, Punu culture, Gabon, 19th–20th century; in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City. The white-faced mukudj mask represents an idealized female with stylized hair, and it is worn by a male dancer at the funeral of an honoured elder. Photograph by Katie Chao. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City, purchase, Louis V. Bell Fund, and The Fred and Rita Richman Foundation and James Ross Gifts, 2000 (2000.177) Many of the Bantu languages do not have written forms. During the 19th century, Christian missionaries transliterated several of them into the Latin alphabet and prepared Bible translations and catechisms for their followers. But the French policy of limiting the use of indigenous languages solely to religious instruction inhibited the growth of other types of literature. Because of the extensive efforts to teach French, nearly all adult Gabonese can speak the language, and almost three-fourths can read it. Religion A large majority of Gabon’s population is Christian, of which Roman Catholics account for more than two-fifths. Though Gabonese serve as Catholic bishops, they rely heavily on foreign clergy, particularly the French Holy Ghost Fathers. The largest Protestant body, the Evangelical Church of Gabon, has Gabonese pastors in its parishes throughout the north. Other Christian churches include the Christian Alliance church, generally found in the southwest and in coastal cities, and the Evangelical Pentecostal church (Assembly of God) and Adventist church, both found in the estuary and far northern regions. A small segment of the country’s population is Muslim. Adherents of traditional religions also account for a small segment of the population, but that does not include Christians and Muslims who also follow some traditional beliefs and practices. A syncretic religion called Bwiti (based on an earlier secret society of the same name) came into existence in the early 20th century and later played a role in promoting solidarity among the Fang. Demographic trends Gabon, like its central African neighbours, has a low population density. Since 1970, as a result of increased urbanization, the low rate of natural increase of the previous half century gave way to a relatively high growth rate; by the early 21st century, it was more than twice the world average. The extent to which the heavy immigration of foreign workers and refugees has contributed to this growth is unclear. The population is relatively young: almost three-quarters are younger than age 30. Life expectancy is more than 50 years of age and is about average for the continent. More … Score: https://www.britannica.com/place/Gabon  

2021/08/17

Czysta przyroda: krystalicznie czyste jeziora Austrii

Austria nie ma co prawda dostępu do morza, ale może się za to poszczycić przepięknymi jeziorami. Nie tylko oferują ochłodę w upalne dni, ale jeszcze z wielu z nich można podziwiać ośnieżone górskie szczyty A Wy jesteście #teammorze czy takie jezioro by Wam wystarczyło?

2021/08/16

J.E. Chettaphan Maksamphan, Ambasador Tajlandii w Polsce, wraz z Dyrektorem Tajskiego Biura Handlowego w Warszawie, Thum Niemesakul, spotkali się ...

12 lipca br. J.E. Chettaphan Maksamphan, Ambasador Tajlandii w Polsce oraz Dyrektor Tajskiego Biura Handlowego (Thai Trade Center) w Warszawie, Thum Niemesakul, spotkali się z J.E. Jerzym Drożdżem, Ambasadorem i Dyrektorm Deptartamentu Spraw Zagranicznych Krajowej Izby Gospodarczej oraz panią Katarzyną Kaniewską, zajmującą się w Izbie sprawami Tajlandii. Ambassador Drożdż podkreślił bliskie związki pomiędzy Krajową Izbą Gospodarczą a Ambasadą oraz Thai Trade Center i wyraził chęć wspierania prac i działalności Ambasady i Thai Trade Center.

2021/08/16

Palác Broadway - lukratywna nieruchomość w Pradze na sprzedaż

Skarb Państwa Republiki Czeskiej ogłosił przetarg z aukcją elektroniczną na sprzedaż lukratywnej komercyjnej nieruchomości położonej w historycznym centrum Pragi. Pochodzący z lat 30. XX wieku objekt o nazwie Palác Broadway to funkcjonalistyczny budynek położony między ulicami Na Příkopě i Celetná. Składa się z trzech połączonych ze sobą sześciokondygnacyjnych budynków biurowych, powierzchni handlowej na parterze oraz teatru Broadway w podziemiach

2021/08/16

Ambasada Gruzji w RP zorganizowała pokaz filmu „Shindisi”.

W związku z rocznicą militarnej agresji Rosji przeprowadzonej na pełną skalę przeciwko Gruzji, 9 sierpnia br. Ambasada Gruzji w RP zorganizowała pokaz filmu „Shindisi”. Do zaproszonych gości zwróciła się Pani Nino Baakashvili, Chargé d'affaires Ambasady, która w swoim przemówieniu szczegółowo omówiła rosyjską interwencję w Gruzji w sierpniu 2008 roku, rosyjską agresję i poważne konsekwencje obecnej okupacji.

2021/08/16